CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database
S. Luyssaert
(1)
,
I. Inglima
,
M. Jung
,
A. D. Richardson
(2)
,
M. Reichstein
(3)
,
D. Papale
(4)
,
S. L. Piao
(5, 6)
,
E. -D. Schulze
(7)
,
L. Wingate
(8)
,
G. Matteucci
(9)
,
L. Aragao
(10)
,
M. Aubinet
(11)
,
C. Beer
(3)
,
C. Bernhofer
(12)
,
K. G. Black
,
Damien Bonal
(13)
,
J. -M. Bonnefond
(8)
,
J. Chambers
(14)
,
Philippe Ciais
(15, 16)
,
B. Cook
(17)
,
K. J. Davis
(18)
,
A. J. Dolman
(19)
,
B. Gielen
(20)
,
M. Goulden
,
J. Grace
(21)
,
A. Granier
(22)
,
A. Grelle
(23)
,
T. Griffis
(24)
,
T. Grünwald
(25)
,
G. Guidolotti
,
P. J. Hanson
,
R. Harding
(26)
,
D. Y. Hollinger
(27)
,
L. R. Hutyra
(28)
,
P. Kolari
(29)
,
B. Kruijt
(30)
,
W. Kutsch
(31)
,
F. Lagergren
(32)
,
T. Laurila
(33)
,
B. E. Law
(34)
,
G. Le Maire
(35)
,
A. Lindroth
(32)
,
D. Loustau
(36)
,
Y. Malhi
(37)
,
J. Mateus
,
M. Migliavacca
(38)
,
L. Misson
(39)
,
L. Montagnani
(40)
,
J. Moncrieff
(41, 21)
,
E. Moors
(42)
,
J. W. Munger
(43)
,
E. Nikinmaa
(44)
,
S. V. Ollinger
(45)
,
G. Pita
(46)
,
C. Rebmann
,
O. Roupsard
(47)
,
N. Saigusa
,
M. J. Sanz
,
G. Seufert
,
C. Sierra
,
M. -L. Smith
,
J. Tang
,
R. Valentini
(48)
,
T. Vesala
(49)
,
I. A. Janssens
(20)
1
Department of Biology
2 Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering
3 Department of Biogeochemical Integration [Jena]
4 Department of Forest Environment and Resources
5 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research
6 Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences
7 MPI-BGC - Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie
8 EPHYSE - Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement
9 CNR-ISAFOM
10 School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute
11 AgroBio Tech GxABT
12 Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Tharandt]
13 ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
14 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University
15 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
16 ICOS-ATC - ICOS-ATC
17 Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]
18 PennState Meteorology Department
19 FALW - Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam]
20 Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology
21 School of Geosciences [Edinburgh]
22 EEF - Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018]
23 Department of Ecology
24 Department soil, water & climate
25 Department of Computer Science [Dresden]
26 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford]
27 NE Research Station
28 Urban Design and Planning
29 Forest Ecology and Management [Helsinki]
30 Earth System Science-Climate Change
31 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
32 Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund]
33 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
34 College of Forestry
35 UMR Eco&Sols - Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes
36 BORDX PIERR UR - Unité de recherches forestières
37 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment
38 Imperial College London
39 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
40 Servizi Forestali
41 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
42 ESS-CC - Alterra [Wageningen]
43 EPS - Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Cambridge, USA]
44 Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki]
45 ATILF - Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française
46 NCI-NIH - National Cancer Institute [Bethesda]
47 UPR Ecosystèmes de plantations - Fonctionnement et pilotage des écosystèmes de plantations
48 Department of Forest Science and Environment
49 Department of Physical Sciences [Helsinki]
2 Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering
3 Department of Biogeochemical Integration [Jena]
4 Department of Forest Environment and Resources
5 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research
6 Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences
7 MPI-BGC - Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie
8 EPHYSE - Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement
9 CNR-ISAFOM
10 School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute
11 AgroBio Tech GxABT
12 Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Tharandt]
13 ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
14 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University
15 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
16 ICOS-ATC - ICOS-ATC
17 Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]
18 PennState Meteorology Department
19 FALW - Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam]
20 Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology
21 School of Geosciences [Edinburgh]
22 EEF - Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018]
23 Department of Ecology
24 Department soil, water & climate
25 Department of Computer Science [Dresden]
26 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford]
27 NE Research Station
28 Urban Design and Planning
29 Forest Ecology and Management [Helsinki]
30 Earth System Science-Climate Change
31 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
32 Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund]
33 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
34 College of Forestry
35 UMR Eco&Sols - Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes
36 BORDX PIERR UR - Unité de recherches forestières
37 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment
38 Imperial College London
39 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
40 Servizi Forestali
41 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
42 ESS-CC - Alterra [Wageningen]
43 EPS - Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Cambridge, USA]
44 Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki]
45 ATILF - Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française
46 NCI-NIH - National Cancer Institute [Bethesda]
47 UPR Ecosystèmes de plantations - Fonctionnement et pilotage des écosystèmes de plantations
48 Department of Forest Science and Environment
49 Department of Physical Sciences [Helsinki]
I. Inglima
- Fonction : Auteur
M. Jung
- Fonction : Auteur
K. G. Black
- Fonction : Auteur
Damien Bonal
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 184161
- IdHAL : damien-bonal
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9602-8603
- IdRef : 145309525
Philippe Ciais
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756308
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8560-4943
- IdRef : 092241700
M. Goulden
- Fonction : Auteur
G. Guidolotti
- Fonction : Auteur
P. J. Hanson
- Fonction : Auteur
G. Le Maire
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 751072
- IdHAL : guerric-le-maire
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5227-958X
- IdRef : 116813458
J. Mateus
- Fonction : Auteur
C. Rebmann
- Fonction : Auteur
N. Saigusa
- Fonction : Auteur
M. J. Sanz
- Fonction : Auteur
G. Seufert
- Fonction : Auteur
C. Sierra
- Fonction : Auteur
M. -L. Smith
- Fonction : Auteur
J. Tang
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome-specific carbon budgets; to re-examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 degrees C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome-specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non-CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for.
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