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            <funder>In relation to this work, L.T., S.P., J.C. and V.D. received support from the Occitanie Region in the READYNOV Project POLLUM (grant no. 7576-24001770 TETIS)</funder>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Light pollution</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">socio-economic modelling</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">remote sensing</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ecological modelling</term>
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              <p>Urban planners continuously face the challenge of reducing artificial lighting to protect biodiversity while ensuring urban residents comfort and safety at night. Striking this balance is crucial for supporting urban residents broadly, yet it remains insufficiently explored in current research. Here, we integrate remote sensing and ecological modelling to assess species' requirements around light pollution reduction with socio-economic modelling to evaluate human residents' acceptance of various street-lighting adjustments, aiming to identify the optimal lighting compromises for Montpellier, France, a mid-sized European city. We show that, depending on the spatial context, both trade-offs and synergies can emerge when implementing light pollution mitigation measures. By integrating results into an RShiny application, we enabled urban planners to prioritize actions for each streetlight. Our findings underscore the importance of tailoring lighting policies to the specific environmental and social context rather than adopting a universal 'one-size-fits-all' approach.</p>
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              <p>Les urbanistes sont constamment confrontés au défi de réduire l'éclairage artificiel afin de protéger la biodiversité tout en garantissant le confort et la sécurité des citadins pendant la nuit. Il est essentiel de trouver cet équilibre pour soutenir les citadins dans leur ensemble, mais ce sujet reste insuffisamment exploré dans les recherches actuelles. Ici, nous combinons la télédétection et la modélisation écologique pour évaluer les besoins des espèces en matière de réduction de la pollution lumineuse avec la modélisation socio-économique afin d'évaluer l'acceptation par les habitants de divers ajustements de l'éclairage public, dans le but d'identifier les compromis optimaux en matière d'éclairage pour Montpellier, une ville européenne de taille moyenne. Nous montrons que, selon le contexte spatial, des compromis et des synergies peuvent émerger lors de la mise en œuvre de mesures d'atténuation de la pollution lumineuse. En intégrant les résultats dans une application RShiny, nous avons permis aux urbanistes de hiérarchiser les actions pour chaque lampadaire. Nos conclusions soulignent l'importance d'adapter les politiques d'éclairage au contexte environnemental et social spécifique plutôt que d'adopter une approche universelle « unique ».</p>
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