Plant polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biological roles, regulation and biotechnological applications
Résumé
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularily enriched in land plants and are the products of the editing of fatty acids synthetized in the plastids. The desaturases FAD2, FAD3, FAD6, FAD7 and FADE enables the synthesis of linoleic and linolenic acids (C18:2 and C18:3, respectively) that are the most abundant PUFAs in land plants. PUFA content is regulated by environmental conditions mainly temperature and stresses associated with oxidative conditions. Genetic regulation of the FAD desaturases is occurring at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels allowing fine tuning of PUFAs levels in changing environment but also during seed development to modulate seed oil content. This review aims in describing PUFA synthesis, their biological roles and the different factors involved in their regulation with a specific focus on omega-3 linolenic acid. It will also detail in several crop species the different genetic leverage that were used to modify omega-3 content for plant breeding.
Domaines
Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]Origine | Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s) |
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