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Chapitre D'ouvrage Année : 2022

Plant polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biological roles, regulation and biotechnological applications

Résumé

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularily enriched in land plants and are the products of the editing of fatty acids synthetized in the plastids. The desaturases FAD2, FAD3, FAD6, FAD7 and FADE enables the synthesis of linoleic and linolenic acids (C18:2 and C18:3, respectively) that are the most abundant PUFAs in land plants. PUFA content is regulated by environmental conditions mainly temperature and stresses associated with oxidative conditions. Genetic regulation of the FAD desaturases is occurring at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels allowing fine tuning of PUFAs levels in changing environment but also during seed development to modulate seed oil content. This review aims in describing PUFA synthesis, their biological roles and the different factors involved in their regulation with a specific focus on omega-3 linolenic acid. It will also detail in several crop species the different genetic leverage that were used to modify omega-3 content for plant breeding.
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Dates et versions

hal-04551811 , version 1 (18-04-2024)

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Thibault Geneste, Jean-Denis Faure. Plant polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biological roles, regulation and biotechnological applications. Lipids in Plants and Algae: From Fundamental Science to Industrial Applications, 101, Elsevier, pp.253-286, 2022, Advances in Botanical Research, 978-0-12-820803-8. ⟨10.1016/bs.abr.2021.09.003⟩. ⟨hal-04551811⟩
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