Finite elements Electromagnetic inverse problem Force sensor Décharges partielles Topology Optimization Piézoélectricité Optimization Magnetic scalar potential Piezoelectric transformer Electromagnetism Smart materials Lumped model FDTD Heat transfer enhancement Topology optimization Modélisation Analytical model SIMP Electric Motors Global optimization Minor loops Eddy currents Magnetic coupling Dimensionnement Accouplement magnétique Hysterons Partial discharges Branch&Bound Design optimization methodology Modeling Modèles analytiques Magnetic Flux Leakage Branch and Bound Algorithm Torque Motor Optimisation Boundary integral equations Electrical machine Shooting method Bistable Electric motor Post-buckled beams Conception Additive manufacturing Numerical simulation Analytical modeling Shape-memory Alloys Dynamic lumped model Nonlinear modeling Play model Finite element method Inverse problem Moteur électrique Hysteresis HYBRIDIZATION Modèles numériques Optimization algorithms Shape memory alloys Interval arithmetic Energy harvesting Electrical machines Iron losses Rosen type transformer Ironless Aerodynamics Relaxation method Simulation Morphing Turbulence Deterministic global optimization Permanent Magnet Maxwell equations Lorentz force law Design Sensitivity Analysis Axial flux machines Electromechanical actuator Optimal control Actionneurs Interval analysis Shear layer PDE-constrained optimization Bistability Electromechanical impedance GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Paschen Piezoelectricity Piezoelectric energy harvester Piezoelectric actuators PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Numerical model Inverse Problem Actuators Control Electroactive morphing Adjoint Method PIV Magnetostatics Exact global optimization Optimal design Magnetic field